Burundi - People
Geography - People - Economy - Government - Communications - Transportation - Military - Transnational IssuesBurundi is located Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo. The climate is equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January). The terrain is hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains.
Population
This entry gives an estimate from the US Bureau of the Census based on statistics from population censuses, vital statistics registration systems, or sample surveys pertaining to the recent past and on assumptions about future trends. The total population presents one overall measure of the potential impact of the country on the world and within its region. NotePopulation - note : estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)
Age structure
This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.Age structure - 0-14 years : 46.3% (male 2,021,320/female 1,998,502)
Age structure - 15-64 years : 51.2% (male 2,210,157/female 2,240,921)
Age structure - 65 years and over : 2.5% (male 87,600/female 132,505) (2008 est.)
Median age
This entry is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older. It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population. Currently, the median age ranges from a low of about 15 in Uganda and Gaza Strip to 40 or more in several European countries and Japan. See the entry for "Age structure" for the importance of a young versus an older age structure and, by implication, a low versus a higher median age.Median age - total : 16.7 years
Median age - male : 16.4 years
Median age - female : 17 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate
The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.Population growth rate : 3.443% (2008 est.)
Birth rate
This entry gives the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.Birth rate : 41.72 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate
This entry gives the average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.Death rate : 12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate
This entry includes the figure for the difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). An excess of persons entering the country is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 population); an excess of persons leaving the country as net emigration (e.g., -9.26 migrants/1,000 population). The net migration rate indicates the contribution of migration to the overall level of population change. High levels of migration can cause problems such as increasing unemployment and potential ethnic strife (if people are coming in) or a reduction in the labor force, perhaps in certain key sectors (if people are leaving).Net migration rate : 5.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio
This entry includes the number of males for each female in five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually, it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.Sex ratio - at birth : 1.03 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - under 15 years : 1.01 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years : 0.99 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over : 0.66 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population : 0.99 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate
This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.Infant mortality rate - total : 60.77 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - male : 67.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female : 53.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. The entry includes total population as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.Life expectancy at birth - total population : 51.71 years
Life expectancy at birth - male : 50.86 years
Life expectancy at birth - female : 52.6 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate
This entry gives a figure for the average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate (TFR) is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country. A rate of two children per woman is considered the replacement rate for a population, resulting in relative stability in terms of total numbers. Rates above two children indicate populations growing in size and whose median age is declining. Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for families, in some situations, to feed and educate their children and for women to enter the labor force. Rates below two children indicate populations decreasing in size and growing older. Global fertility rates are in general decline and this trend is most pronounced in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe, where populations are projected to decline dramatically over the next 50 years.Total fertility rate : 6.4 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
This entry gives an estimate of the percentage of adults (aged 15-49) living with HIV/AIDS. The adult prevalence rate is calculated by dividing the estimated number of adults living with HIV/AIDS at yearend by the total adult population at yearend.HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate : 6% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS
This entry gives an estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS.HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS : 250,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths
This entry gives an estimate of the number of adults and children who died of AIDS during a given calendar year.HIV/AIDS - deaths : 25,000 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases
This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the United States. These infectious diseases represent risks to US government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. The diseases listed do not necessarily represent the total disease burden experienced by the local population. The risk to an individual traveler varies considerably by the specific location, visit duration, type of activities, type of accommodations, time of year, and other factors. Consultation with a travel medicine physician is needed to evaluate individual risk and recommend appropriate preventive measures such as vaccines. Diseases are organized into the following six exposure categories shown in italics and listed in typical descending order of risk. NoteMajor infectious diseases - degree of risk : very high
Major infectious diseases - food or waterborne diseases : bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Major infectious diseases - vectorborne disease : malaria (2008)
Nationality
This entry provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective.Nationality - noun : Burundian(s)
Nationality - adjective : Burundian
Ethnic groups
This entry provides an ordered listing of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.Ethnic groups : Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Religions
This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described here.Religions : Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%
Languages
This entry provides a rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.Languages : Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Literacy
This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons. Low levels of literacy, and education in general, can impede the economic development of a country in the current rapidly changing, technology- driven world.Literacy - definition : age 15 and over can read and write
Literacy - total population : 59.3%
Literacy - male : 67.3%
Literacy - female : 52.2% (2000 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total : 7 years
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male : 8 years
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female : 7 years (2006)
Education expenditures
This entry provides the public expenditure on education as a percent of GDPEducation expenditures : 5.1% of GDP (2005)
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