Finland - Transportation

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Finland is located Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia. The climate is cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes. The terrain is mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills.

Airports

This entry gives the total number of airports or airfields recognizable from the air. The runway(s) may be paved (concrete or asphalt surfaces) or unpaved (grass, earth, sand, or gravel surfaces) but may include closed or abandoned installations. Airports or airfields that are no longer recognizable (overgrown, no facilities, etc.) are not included. Note that not all airports have accommodations for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
Airports : 148 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways - total : 76
Airports - with paved runways - over 3,047 m : 2
Airports - with paved runways - 2,438 to 3,047 m : 27
Airports - with paved runways - 1,524 to 2,437 m : 10
Airports - with paved runways - 914 to 1,523 m : 22
Airports - with paved runways - under 914 m : 15 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total : 72
Airports - with unpaved runways - 914 to 1,523 m : 4
Airports - with unpaved runways - under 914 m : 68 (2007)

Pipelines

This entry gives the lengths and types of pipelines for transporting products like natural gas, crude oil, or petroleum products.
Pipelines : gas 694 km (2007)

Railways

This entry states the total route length of the railway network and of its component parts by gauge
Railways - total : 5,741 km
Railways - broad gauge : 5,741 km 1.524-m gauge (2,619 km electrified) (2006)

Roadways

This entry gives the total length of the road network and includes the length of the paved and unpaved portions.
Roadways - total : 78,821 km
Roadways - paved : 50,854 km (includes 700 km of expressways)
Roadways - unpaved : 27,967 km (2008)

Waterways

This entry gives the total length of navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water.
Waterways - note : includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia (2006)

Merchant marine

Merchant marine may be defined as all ships engaged in the carriage of goods; or all commercial vessels (as opposed to all nonmilitary ships), which excludes tugs, fishing vessels, offshore oil rigs, etc. This entry contains information in four fields - total, ships by type, foreign-owned, and registered in other countries. *** Total includes the number of ships (1,000 GRT or over), total DWT for those ships, and total GRT for those ships. DWT or dead weight tonnage is the total weight of cargo, plus bunkers, stores, etc., that a ship can carry when immersed to the appropriate load line. GRT or gross register tonnage is a figure obtained by measuring the entire sheltered volume of a ship available for cargo and passengers and converting it to tons on the basis of 100 cubic feet per ton; there is no stable relationship between GRT and DWT. *** Ships by type includes a listing of barge carriers, bulk cargo ships, cargo ships, chemical tankers, combination bulk carriers, combination ore/oil carriers, container ships, liquefied gas tankers, livestock carriers, multifunctional large-load carriers, petroleum tankers, passenger ships, passenger/cargo ships, railcar carriers, refrigerated cargo ships, roll-on/roll-off cargo ships, short-sea passenger ships, specialized tankers, and vehicle carriers. *** Foreign-owned are ships that fly the flag of one country but belong to owners in another. *** Registered in other countries are ships that belong to owners in one country but fly the flag of another.
Merchant marine - total : 98
Merchant marine - by type : bulk carrier 3, cargo 28, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 18, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 27, vehicle carrier 2
Merchant marine - foreign-owned : 8 (Estonia 2, Germany 1, Norway 3, Sweden 2)
Merchant marine - registered in other countries : 47 (Bahamas 9, Germany 4, Gibraltar 3, Netherlands 14, Norway 1, Panama 2, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Sweden 12, UK 1) (2008)

Ports and terminals

This entry lists major ports and terminals primarily on the basis of the amount of cargo tonnage shipped through the facilities on an annual basis. In some instances, the number of containers handled or ship visits were also considered.
Ports and terminals : Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Naantali, Pori, Raahe, Rauma, Turku

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